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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland occupies most of the territory of the British Isles . It consists of two main parts: England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland . London is the capital of England . The population of the United Kingdom is over 57 million people.

The official language of the United Kingdom is English. But in western Scotland some people still speak Gaelic and in northern and central parts of Wales people often speak Welsh.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy. Head of State is Queen. In practice, the country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

The flag of the United Kingdom , known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The big red cross is the cross of Saint George, the patron saint of England . The white cross is the cross of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland . The red diagonal cross is the cross of Saint Patrick, the saint of Ireland .